What are owl pellets? They are the regurgitated remains of an owl's meal, including all the bones of the animals it ate (usually small rodents). Owls usually swallow their food whole, digest the edible parts, and then expel the indigestible parts through their mouth as a pellet.

1. To do this lab, you'll need an owl pellet. Carefully inspect the outside of the pellet and note its size, whether there are any feathers visible, and whether there are any clues to where the pellet was found. Guess how many different animal skeletons the pellet contains.

2. Next, gently pull apart the pellet, being careful not to break any of the bones inside it. Use toothpicks or a teasing needle to separate the bones from the fur or feathers. Take special care when removing the skulls and jawbones, since they are the best way to identify the animals that the owl ate. Group similar bones together. When you've finished sorting the bones, roll the last bits of fur between your fingers to find little bones or teeth that might have been overlooked. Once you've found all the bones, try to reconstruct the skeletons of the animals. Use an identification key to classify the bones. Try this rodent bone chart or use the owl pellet bone chart below.

3. How many different kinds of animals did you find evidence of in the pellet? How many animals were there in total? What can you conclude about the eating habits of the owl that made your pellet?

Owl Pellet Bone Chart

Here's our own bone chart showing the basic bone structure of a small rodent that might be found in an owl pellet. When you do an owl pellet dissection, use this chart to help you sort the bones that you find in the pellet.

Owls usually eat more than one rodent before regurgitating the remains, so you should be able to find multiple bones that are similar. Can you distinguish the bones of different kinds of rodents based on their size?

A food chain shows the relationship between producers (plants) and consumers (animals that eat the plants or that eat other animals). Here are some simple relationships between the producers and consumers that are involved in a Barn owl's diet.

Plants, grasses, roots, seeds --> mice, rats, gophers, birds
Plants --> insects --> frogs, birds
Worms --> birds, moles
Birds, mice, rats, frogs --> weasels
Birds, mice, rats, gophers, frogs, moles, weasels --> Barn owls

To help younger kids visualize this relationship, make a chart (using pictures) of what you think the owl's food chain looked like, based on the animals you were able to identify in your owl pellet.